/* Field notes — same world as the homepage: ink navy pages, cobalt accents, leaf-green and amber details, serif headlines, hairline rules instead of boxes. */
@font-face{font-family:"Unbounded";src:url(../assets/fonts/unbounded.woff2) format("woff2");font-weight:300 900;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}
@font-face{font-family:"Rethink Sans";src:url(../assets/fonts/rethink.woff2) format("woff2");font-weight:400 800;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}
@font-face{font-family:"Rethink Sans";src:url(../assets/fonts/rethink-italic.woff2) format("woff2");font-weight:400 800;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}
@font-face{font-family:"Spline Sans Mono";src:url(../assets/fonts/spline-mono.woff2) format("woff2");font-weight:300 700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}

:root{
  --cobalt:#0247cf;
  --cobalt-soft:rgba(2,71,207,.35);
  --ink:#06102e;
  --ink-2:#0a1840;
  --line:rgba(225,232,255,.16);
  --paper:#f3eee2;
  --muted:#a8b5da;
  --sage:#8cc7a6;
  --amber:#eda45f;
  --rose:#e98b8b;
  --f-display:"Unbounded","Arial Black",system-ui,sans-serif;
  --f-body:"Rethink Sans","Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif;
  --f-mono:"Spline Sans Mono",ui-monospace,"SFMono-Regular",Menlo,monospace;
  --gutter:clamp(16px,4vw,56px);
  color-scheme:dark;
}
*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}
html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
body{margin:0;background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);font:400 18px/1.7 var(--f-body);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;overflow-x:hidden}
a{color:inherit}
img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}
:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--amber);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:2px}
h1,h2,h3,h4{font-family:var(--f-display);font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-.035em;text-wrap:balance}
h1 em,h2 em,h3 em,h4 em{font-style:normal}
ion-icon{flex:none}
.skip{position:absolute;left:-999px;top:8px;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);padding:8px 12px;z-index:60}
.skip:focus{left:8px}
.mono,.breadcrumb,.pill,.meta,.byline-meta span,.ig-kicker,.share-row span,.role,.tag,.filter-chip,.featured-tag,.r-by,.r-free,.lbl,.yr,.bar-name,.bar-val,.ig-foot{font-family:var(--f-mono);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:1.5}

/* reading progress */
.read-progress{position:fixed;left:0;top:0;height:2px;width:100%;background:var(--amber);transform-origin:0 50%;transform:scaleX(var(--read-progress,0));z-index:55}

/* nav (matches homepage) */
.nav{position:sticky;top:env(safe-area-inset-top,0px);z-index:40;padding:16px var(--gutter);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;background:rgba(6,16,46,.86);backdrop-filter:blur(12px);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(12px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;text-decoration:none;font-family:var(--f-mono);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase}
.brand img{width:28px;height:28px;border-radius:7px}
.nav ul{display:flex;gap:clamp(14px,2.4vw,32px);list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.nav ul a{font-family:var(--f-mono);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;opacity:.86}
.nav ul a:hover,.nav ul a[aria-current]{opacity:1;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px}
.talk{font-family:var(--f-mono);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid rgba(243,238,226,.6);border-radius:999px;padding:8px 14px;white-space:nowrap}
.talk:hover{background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink)}

.container{width:100%;max-width:calc(1240px + 2*var(--gutter));margin-inline:auto;padding-inline:var(--gutter)}
.breadcrumb{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:28px}
.breadcrumb a{text-decoration:none}
.breadcrumb a:hover{color:var(--paper)}
.breadcrumb .sep{opacity:.5}
.pill{display:inline-block;color:var(--sage)}

/* ---------- blog index ---------- */
.blog-hero{padding-block:clamp(56px,8vw,110px) clamp(30px,4vw,50px)}
.blog-hero .display{font-size:clamp(56px,9vw,140px);line-height:.92;margin:0}
.blog-hero .lead{color:var(--muted);max-width:56ch;margin-top:26px;font-size:clamp(17px,1.4vw,20px)}
.blog-filters{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 22px;margin-top:40px}
.filter-chip{appearance:none;background:none;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;color:var(--muted);padding:4px 0;cursor:pointer}
.filter-chip:hover{color:var(--paper)}
.filter-chip.active{color:var(--paper);border-color:var(--amber)}
.post-grid{list-style:none;margin:0 0 clamp(80px,10vw,140px);padding:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);counter-reset:post}
.post-card{position:relative;display:grid;grid-template-columns:clamp(70px,9vw,130px) minmax(0,1fr) 180px;gap:clamp(16px,3vw,40px);padding-block:clamp(26px,3.4vw,40px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);transition:background .3s}
.post-card.is-hidden{display:none}
.post-card .thumb{position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px}
.post-card .thumb-graphic{display:block}
.post-card .thumb-graphic ion-icon{display:none}
.post-card .tg-no{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:clamp(46px,5vw,76px);line-height:.8;color:var(--cobalt);-webkit-text-stroke:0;transition:color .3s}
.featured-tag{color:var(--amber);order:2}
.post-card .body{display:contents}
.post-card .body .pill{grid-column:2;grid-row:1;align-self:start}
.post-card .body h2{grid-column:2;grid-row:1;margin:28px 0 0;font-size:clamp(28px,3vw,44px);line-height:1.04;transition:color .25s}
.post-card .body>p{grid-column:2;grid-row:2;color:var(--muted);margin:-10px 0 0;max-width:62ch;font-size:16px}
.post-card .meta{grid-column:3;grid-row:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:4px;color:var(--muted);text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.layer-link{position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:1}
.layer-link:focus-visible{outline-offset:-3px}
.post-card:hover .tg-no{color:var(--sage)}
.post-card:hover h2{color:var(--amber)}
.post-card:hover{background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(2,71,207,.16),transparent 70%)}

/* ---------- article ---------- */
.article-wrap{width:100%;max-width:calc(760px + 2*var(--gutter));margin-inline:auto;padding-inline:var(--gutter);padding-block:clamp(48px,7vw,96px) 0}
.article-head{margin-bottom:clamp(36px,5vw,60px)}
.article-title{font-size:clamp(44px,6.4vw,84px);line-height:.98;margin:14px 0 0}
.article-dek,.lead{color:var(--muted);font-size:clamp(19px,1.6vw,22px);line-height:1.55;margin-top:24px}
.article-byline{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;margin-top:30px;padding-top:22px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.byline-avatar{width:46px;height:46px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;background:var(--cobalt)}
.byline-meta{display:grid;gap:2px}
.byline-meta strong{font-weight:500}
.byline-meta span{color:var(--muted)}
.article-hero-graphic{margin-bottom:clamp(36px,5vw,56px)}
.img-slot{display:none}

.article-body>p{margin:0 0 1.15em}
.article-body a{color:var(--paper);text-decoration-color:var(--sage);text-underline-offset:4px}
.article-body a:hover{color:var(--amber)}
.article-body strong{font-weight:600}
.article-body code{font-family:var(--f-mono);font-size:.84em;background:var(--ink-2);padding:2px 6px;border-radius:4px}
.article-body h2{font-size:clamp(34px,4vw,52px);line-height:1.02;margin:clamp(56px,7vw,84px) 0 20px}
.article-body h3{font-size:clamp(26px,2.6vw,34px);line-height:1.1;margin:40px 0 14px}
.article-body h4{font-size:24px;line-height:1.15;margin:0 0 8px}
.article-body blockquote{margin:clamp(40px,5vw,60px) 0;padding:0 0 0 clamp(18px,3vw,32px);border-left:2px solid var(--amber);font-family:var(--f-body);font-style:italic;font-weight:500;font-size:clamp(24px,2.6vw,32px);line-height:1.25;color:var(--paper)}
.article-body ul:not([class]),.article-body ol:not([class]){padding-left:1.2em;margin:0 0 1.2em}
.article-body li{margin-bottom:.4em}

/* infographic blocks: open frames, hairline on top, wide on desktop */
.infographic{margin:clamp(40px,5vw,64px) 0;padding-top:22px;border-top:1px solid var(--paper)}
@media (min-width:1100px){.article-body>.infographic,.article-hero-graphic>.infographic{margin-inline:-120px}}
.ig-kicker{color:var(--sage);margin:0 0 8px}
.ig-title{font-size:clamp(28px,3vw,40px);line-height:1.05;margin:0 0 26px}
.ig-foot{color:var(--muted);margin-top:18px;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:.02em}

.steps{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(170px,1fr));gap:22px 0;counter-reset:step}
.step{padding:4px clamp(14px,2vw,24px) 6px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)}
.step:first-child{border-left:0;padding-left:0}
.step h4::before{counter-increment:step;content:counter(step,decimal-leading-zero);display:block;font:500 12px/1 var(--f-mono);letter-spacing:.1em;color:var(--amber);margin-bottom:12px}
.step p{color:var(--muted);font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.6;margin:0}

.timeline{position:relative;display:grid;gap:26px;padding-left:28px}
.timeline::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:5px;top:6px;bottom:6px;width:1px;background:var(--line)}
.tl-item{position:relative}
.tl-item::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:-28px;top:7px;width:11px;height:11px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--sage)}
.tl-item .yr{color:var(--amber)}
.tl-item h4{margin:6px 0 6px}
.tl-item p{color:var(--muted);font-size:15.5px;margin:0}

.bars{display:grid;gap:18px}
.bar-top{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;margin-bottom:8px}
.bar-name{color:var(--muted);text-transform:none;letter-spacing:.02em;font-size:13px}
.bar-val{color:var(--paper)}
.bar-track{height:6px;background:rgba(225,232,255,.08);border-radius:3px;overflow:hidden}
.bar-fill{height:100%;width:var(--w,0%);background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--cobalt),#3d7bff);border-radius:3px;transform-origin:0 50%;animation:grow 1.2s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1) both}
.bar-row:nth-child(even) .bar-fill{background:linear-gradient(90deg,#3f8f69,var(--sage))}
@keyframes grow{from{transform:scaleX(0)}}

.stat-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0}
.stat{padding:0 clamp(12px,2vw,24px);border-left:1px solid var(--line)}
.stat:first-child{border-left:0;padding-left:0}
.stat .num{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:clamp(46px,5vw,72px);line-height:1;color:var(--paper);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.stat .lbl{color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px}

.compare{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:clamp(20px,4vw,48px)}
.compare .col h4{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px}
.compare .col.bad h4::before,.compare .col.good h4::before{content:"";width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%}
.compare .col.bad h4::before{background:var(--rose)}
.compare .col.good h4::before{background:var(--sage)}
.compare ul{list-style:none;margin:12px 0 0;padding:0}
.compare li{padding:10px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--muted);font-size:16px}
.compare .col.good li{color:var(--paper)}

.cardlets{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:clamp(20px,3vw,36px);margin:clamp(32px,4vw,48px) 0}
.cardlets.two{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}
.cardlet{padding-top:16px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.cardlet .tag{color:var(--sage);display:block;margin-bottom:8px}
.cardlet .ico{color:var(--amber);font-size:22px;margin-bottom:8px;display:block}
.cardlet h4{margin:0 0 8px}
.cardlet p{color:var(--muted);font-size:15.5px;margin:0}
.cardlet .use{display:block;margin-top:12px;font-size:14px;color:var(--paper)}
.cardlet .use b{color:var(--amber);font-weight:500}
.cardlet .num{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:40px;color:var(--cobalt);line-height:1}

.callout{display:flex;gap:16px;margin:clamp(36px,5vw,56px) 0;padding:6px 0 6px clamp(18px,3vw,28px);border-left:2px solid var(--sage)}
.callout>ion-icon{font-size:24px;color:var(--sage);margin-top:4px}
.callout .ttl{font-family:var(--f-mono);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--sage);margin:0 0 6px}
.callout p{margin:0}

.keylist{list-style:none;margin:0 0 1.2em;padding:0}
.keylist li{display:flex;gap:12px;padding:12px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.keylist li:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.keylist ion-icon{color:var(--sage);font-size:20px;margin-top:3px}

.accordion{margin:clamp(28px,4vw,44px) 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.acc-item{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.acc-head{appearance:none;width:100%;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;background:none;border:0;color:var(--paper);text-align:left;padding:20px 0;cursor:pointer;font:400 clamp(22px,2.2vw,28px)/1.2 var(--f-display)}
.acc-head .ico{color:var(--sage);font-size:20px;transition:transform .3s}
.acc-item.is-open .acc-head .ico{transform:rotate(45deg)}
.acc-panel{display:grid;grid-template-rows:0fr;transition:grid-template-rows .35s ease}
.acc-item.is-open .acc-panel{grid-template-rows:1fr}
.acc-panel-inner{overflow:hidden;color:var(--muted);font-size:16px}
.acc-item.is-open .acc-panel-inner{padding-bottom:22px}

.code-block{margin:24px 0;padding:18px 20px;background:var(--ink-2);border-radius:6px;overflow-x:auto;font:400 14px/1.6 var(--f-mono);color:var(--sage)}
.code-block code{background:none;padding:0;font-size:inherit}

.resources{display:grid;margin:clamp(28px,4vw,40px) 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.resource{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:2px 16px;padding:18px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.r-name{font-family:var(--f-display);font-size:26px;line-height:1.1}
.r-by{color:var(--muted);grid-column:1}
.r-free{grid-column:2;grid-row:1;color:var(--sage);align-self:center}
.resource p{grid-column:1/-1;color:var(--muted);font-size:15.5px;margin:8px 0 0}

/* share, author, cta, related */
.share-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px;margin-top:clamp(48px,6vw,72px);padding-top:20px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--muted)}
.share-row a{display:inline-flex;font-size:22px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--paper)}
.share-row a:hover{color:var(--amber)}
.author-box{display:flex;gap:18px;margin-top:36px;padding-block:28px;border-block:1px solid var(--line)}
.author-box img{width:64px;height:64px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;background:var(--cobalt)}
.author-box h3{margin:0;font-size:30px}
.author-box .role{color:var(--sage);margin:4px 0 10px}
.author-box p{color:var(--muted);font-size:15.5px;margin:0}
.author-box .links{display:flex;gap:14px;margin-top:12px;font-size:22px}
.author-box .links a{text-decoration:none}
.author-box .links a:hover{color:var(--amber)}
.article-cta{margin:clamp(56px,7vw,88px) calc(-1*var(--gutter)) 0;padding:clamp(40px,6vw,64px) var(--gutter);background:var(--cobalt);border-radius:4px}
.article-cta h3{font-size:clamp(34px,4vw,54px);line-height:1;margin:0}
.article-cta p{margin:16px 0 0;max-width:46ch}
.btn-row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;margin-top:26px}
.btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;text-decoration:none;font-family:var(--f-mono);font-size:13px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:12px 16px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink)}
.btn-secondary{background:transparent;color:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--paper)}
.btn:hover{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper)}
.related{margin-top:clamp(64px,8vw,100px);padding-bottom:clamp(64px,8vw,110px)}
.related>h2{font-size:clamp(34px,4vw,52px);margin:0 0 10px}
.related-grid{display:grid;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.related .post-card{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);padding-block:22px}
.related .post-card .body h2{grid-column:1;font-size:clamp(24px,2.4vw,32px)}
.related .post-card .body .pill,.related .post-card .body>p{grid-column:1}
.related .post-card .body>p{margin:0}

/* contact strip + footer, same as homepage */
.blog-contact{background:var(--cobalt);padding-block:clamp(64px,9vw,120px)}
.blog-contact h2{font-size:clamp(44px,6.4vw,96px);line-height:.98;max-width:14ch;margin:14px 0 0}
.blog-contact .links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 22px;margin-top:30px;list-style:none;padding:0}
.blog-contact .links a{text-decoration:none;font-family:var(--f-mono);font-size:13px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(243,238,226,.5);padding-bottom:3px}
.blog-contact .links a:hover{border-color:var(--paper)}
.blog-contact .mail{font-family:var(--f-mono);background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);padding:10px 14px;border-radius:10px;text-decoration:none;border:0!important;letter-spacing:.02em!important;text-transform:none!important}
.site-foot{padding-block:28px;color:var(--muted)}
.site-foot .container{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.site-foot a{text-decoration:none}
.site-foot a:hover{color:var(--paper)}

.reveal{opacity:1}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){
  .js .reveal{opacity:0;transform:translateY(24px);transition:opacity .7s ease,transform .8s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1)}
  .js .reveal.is-in{opacity:1;transform:none}
}

@media (max-width:860px){
  .post-card{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}
  .post-card .thumb{flex-direction:row;align-items:baseline;gap:14px}
  .post-card .body .pill,.post-card .body h2,.post-card .body>p,.post-card .meta{grid-column:1;grid-row:auto}
  .post-card .body h2{margin-top:0}
  .post-card .body>p{margin:0}
  .post-card .meta{text-align:left;flex-direction:row;gap:14px}
  .steps,.stat-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));row-gap:24px}
  .step:nth-child(odd),.stat:nth-child(odd){border-left:0;padding-left:0}
  .cardlets,.cardlets.two,.compare{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}
}
@media (max-width:640px){
  .nav ul{display:none}
  .steps{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}
  .step{border-left:0;padding-left:0;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
  .step:first-child{border-top:0}
  .author-box{flex-direction:column}
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.bar-fill{animation:none}}

/* Dubai service links (pillar page) */
.svc-links{display:grid;margin:24px 0 40px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.svc-links a{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:4px 16px;padding:18px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-decoration:none}
.svc-links a::after{content:"→";grid-row:1/3;grid-column:2;align-self:center;color:var(--sage);font-size:20px;transition:transform .25s}
.svc-links strong{font-family:var(--f-display);font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(24px,2.4vw,30px);line-height:1.1}
.svc-links span{color:var(--muted);font-size:15.5px}
.svc-links a:hover strong{color:var(--amber)}
.svc-links a:hover::after{transform:translateX(4px)}

/* long-form posts: contents, numbered lists, tables, sources */
.toc{margin:0 0 clamp(32px,4vw,48px);padding:18px 0;border-block:1px solid var(--line)}
.toc .mono{color:var(--sage);margin:0 0 10px}
.toc ol{margin:0;padding-left:1.3em;columns:2;column-gap:32px}
.toc li{break-inside:avoid;margin-bottom:6px;font-size:15.5px}
.toc a{text-decoration:none;color:var(--muted)}
.toc a:hover{color:var(--paper)}
.numlist{counter-reset:n;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0 0 1.2em}
.numlist li{counter-increment:n;position:relative;padding:12px 0 12px 44px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.numlist li:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.numlist li::before{content:counter(n,decimal-leading-zero);position:absolute;left:0;top:14px;font:500 12px/1 var(--f-mono);letter-spacing:.1em;color:var(--amber)}
.table-wrap{overflow-x:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}
.table-wrap table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px;min-width:520px}
.table-wrap th{text-align:left;font:500 12px/1.4 var(--f-mono);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--sage);padding:10px 12px 10px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--paper)}
.table-wrap td{padding:12px 12px 12px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top;color:var(--muted)}
.table-wrap td:first-child{color:var(--paper)}
.sources{margin-top:clamp(48px,6vw,72px);padding-top:20px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.sources h2{font-size:clamp(28px,3vw,36px);margin:0 0 12px}
.sources ol{padding-left:1.3em;margin:0 0 14px;color:var(--muted);font-size:15px}
.sources li{margin-bottom:6px}
.sources a{color:var(--paper);text-decoration-color:var(--sage);text-underline-offset:3px}
.sources .mono{color:var(--muted);text-transform:none;letter-spacing:.02em}
.byline-meta a,.author-box h3 a{text-decoration:none}
.author-box p a{color:var(--paper);text-decoration-color:var(--sage);text-underline-offset:3px}
@media (max-width:640px){.toc ol{columns:1}}